Wednesday, January 31, 2018

How to Create LVM in Linux CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 /

Storage technology plays a important role in improving the availability, performance, and ability to manage Linux servers.
One of the most useful and helpful technology to linux system administrator is Linux Logical Volume Manager(LVM), version 2 (or LVM 2).

LVM is a widely-used technique and extremely flexible disk management scheme for deploying logical rather than physical storage. With LVM, system administrator can easily resize and extend the logical drive when it is required.
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The following steps will describe how to create LVM in Linux CentOS 7 or RHEL 7 

How to Create Lvm in Linux Step by Step

1. Add the new 20GB vdisk from the ESXi or vCenter :

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2. create a new Partiton using fdisk tool and select partition type LVM :

[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xfd3bf27d.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039):
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd3bf27d
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   83  Linux
 
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
 
 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xfd3bf27d
 
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    41943039    20970496   8e  Linux LVM

3. Initializes the partition /dev/sdb1 as an LVM physical volume :

[root@centos7 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

4. Scanning for Block Devices:

[root@centos7 ~]# lvmdiskscan
  /dev/centos/swap [       2.00 GiB]
  /dev/sda1        [     500.00 MiB]
  /dev/centos/root [      27.51 GiB]
  /dev/sda2        [      29.51 GiB] LVM physical volume
  /dev/sdb1        [      20.00 GiB] LVM physical volume
  2 disks
  1 partition
  0 LVM physical volume whole disks
  2 LVM physical volumes

5. Displaying Physical Volumes :

There are three commands you can use to display properties of LVM physical volumes: pvs,
pvdisplay, and pvscan.
The pvdisplay command provides a verbose multi-line output for each physical volume. It displays
physical properties (size, extents, volume group, etc.) in a fixed format.
[root@centos7 ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               29.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7554
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          7554
  PV UUID               JvDOto-KDiF-gtca-TveX-ne9M-frsB-qsP1aJ
 
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "20.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               20.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               rJ8wl7-xzIN-2qqV-ov7Z-lHKe-ELge-aAV29V
The pvscan command scans all supported LVM block devices in the system for physical volumes
[root@centos7 ~]# pvscan
  PV /dev/sda2   VG centos          lvm2 [29.51 GiB / 0    free]
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [20.00 GiB]
  Total: 2 [49.51 GiB] / in use: 1 [29.51 GiB] / in no VG: 1 [20.00 GiB]

6. Create volume group name vg_newlvm and add /dev/sdb1 partition into the group.

[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate vg_newlvm /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg_newlvm" successfully created
If you have more than one partition, you can add multiple partition in single command. This command creates a local volume named vg_newlvm that contains physical volumes /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdc1 :
[root@centos7 ~]# vgcreate vg_newlvm /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

7. Creates a logical volume called centos7_newvol that uses all of the unallocated space in the volume group vg_newlvm :

[root@centos7 ~]# lvcreate --name centos7_newvol -l 100%FREE vg_newlvm
  Logical volume "centos7_newvol" created

8. Display the created logical volumes :

[root@centos7 ~]# lvdisplay
..
..
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_newlvm/centos7_newvol
  LV Name                centos7_newvol
  VG Name                vg_newlvm
  LV UUID                szlkNP-0lwe-f59Z-PJVU-X7pG-unBL-qN10D4
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time centos7.ehowstuff.local, 2015-01-25 15:15:48 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                20.00 GiB
  Current LE             5119
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2

9. Use the mkfs command to format a newly 

created LVM :

[root@centos7 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_newlvm/centos7_newvol
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5241856 blocks
262092 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000
 
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

10. Create the mount point and mount the new LVM :

[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -p /data
[root@centos7 ~]# mount /dev/vg_newlvm/centos7_newvol /data

11. Verify thew new disk layout :

[root@centos7 ~]# df
Filesystem                           1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root               28260132 9191032  17610516  35% /
devtmpfs                               1935888       0   1935888   0% /dev
tmpfs                                  1941892       0   1941892   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                                  1941892    8728   1933164   1% /run
tmpfs                                  1941892       0   1941892   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                               487634   73191    384747  16% /boot
tmpfs                                  1941892    8728   1933164   1% /var/named/chroot/run/named
/dev/mapper/vg_newlvm-centos7_newvol  20507216   45080  19397384   1% /data

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