In this article, we will
learn how to install, update, remove, find packages, manage packages and
repositories on Linux systems using YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) tool
developed by RedHat.
The example commands shown in this article are practically
tested on our CentOS 6.3 server, you can use these material for
study purpose, certifications or just to explore ways to install new packages
and keep your system up-to-date.
The basic requirement of this article is, you
must have a basic understanding of commands and a working Linux operating
system, where you can explore and practice all the commands listed below.
What is YUM?
YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is an
open source command-line as well as graphical based package management tool for RPM(RedHat Package Manager) based
Linux systems. It allows users and system administrator to easily install,
update, remove or search software packages on a systems. It was developed and
released by Seth Vidal under GPL (General Public License) as an
open source, means anyone can allowed to download and access the code to fix
bugs and develop customized packages. YUM uses
numerous third party repositories to install packages automatically by
resolving their dependencies issues.
1. Install a Package with YUM
To
install a package called Firefox 14, just
run the below command it will automatically find and install all required
dependencies for Firefox.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================
Updating:
firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 20 M
Updating for dependencies:
xulrunner i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos updates 12 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Upgrade 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 32 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 20 MB 01:10
(2/2): xulrunner-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686.rpm | 12 MB 00:52
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 63 kB/s | 32 MB 02:04
Updated:
firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos
Dependency Updated:
xulrunner.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos
Complete!
The
above command will ask confirmation before installing any package on your
system. If you want to install packages automatically without asking any
confirmation, use option -y as shown in below
example.
2. Removing a Package
with YUM
To remove a package completely with their all dependencies, just run the
following command as shown below.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Remove Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
====================================================================================================
Removing:
firefox i686 10.0.6-1.el6.centos @updates 23 M
Transaction Summary
====================================================================================================
Remove 1 Package(s)
Reinstall 0 Package(s)
Downgrade 0 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : firefox-10.0.6-1.el6.centos.i686 1/1
Removed:
firefox.i686 0:10.0.6-1.el6.centos
Complete!
Same
way the above command will ask confirmation before removing a package. To
disable confirmation prompt just add option -y as shown in below.
3.
Updating a Package using YUM
Let’s say you have outdated version of MySQL package and you want to update it to the
latest stable version. Just run the following command it will automatically
resolves all dependencies issues and install them.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================
Updating:
vsftpd i386 2.0.5-24.el5_8.1 updates 144 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Upgrade 1 Package(s)
Total size: 144 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : vsftpd 1/2
Cleanup : vsftpd 2/2
Updated:
vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-24.el5_8.1
Complete!
4.
List a Package using YUM
Use the list function to search for the specific package with name.
For example to search for a package called openssh, use the command.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
* updates: mirror.nus.edu.sg
Installed Packages
openssh.i386 4.3p2-72.el5_6.3 installed
Available Packages 4.3p2-82.el5 base
To make your search more accurate,
define package name with their version, in case you know. For example to search
for a specific version openssh-4.3p2 of the package, use the command.
5.
Search for a Package using YUM
If you don’t remember the exact name of
the package, then use search function to search all the available packages to match
the name of the package you specified. For example, to search all the packages
that matches the word
.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
* updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
============================== Matched: vsftpd ========================
ccze.i386 : A robust log colorizer
pure-ftpd-selinux.i386 : SELinux support for Pure-FTPD
vsftpd.i386 : vsftpd - Very Secure Ftp Daemon
6.
Get Information of a Package using YUM
Say
you would like to know information of a package before installing it. To get
information of a package just issue the below command.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* epel: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* extras: mirror.neu.edu.cn
* rpmforge: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net
* updates: ftp.iitm.ac.in
Available Packages
Name : firefox
Arch : i386
Version : 10.0.6
Release : 1.el5.centos
Size : 20 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
URL : http://www.mozilla.org/projects/firefox/
License : MPLv1.1 or GPLv2+ or LGPLv2+
Description: Mozilla Firefox is an open-source web browser, designed for standards
: compliance, performance and portability.
7.
List all Available Packages using YUM
To
list all the available packages in the Yum database, use the below command.
8.
List all Installed Packages using YUM
To
list all the installed packages on a system, just issue below command, it will
display all the installed packages.
9.
Yum Provides Function
Yum provides function is used to find which package a specific file
belongs to. For example, if you would like to know the name of the package that
has the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
httpd-2.2.3-63.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
httpd-2.2.3-65.el5.centos.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
httpd-2.2.3-53.el5.centos.1.i386 : Apache HTTP Server
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
10. Check for
Available Updates using Yum
To find
how many of installed packages on your system have updates available, to check
use the following command.
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